Testing and Procedures

Pulmonologists perform a variety of procedures to diagnose and treat lung and airway conditions. Bronchoscopy allows the physician to examine the breathing passages using a thin, flexible camera and to collect samples through washing, brushing, or biopsy. Endobronchial ultrasound may be used during bronchoscopy to evaluate and sample lymph nodes or abnormalities near the central airways. Advanced navigational or robotic bronchoscopy can help physicians reach certain nodules located deeper within the lungs. Thoracentesis uses a small needle or catheter to remove fluid from around the lung for testing or to relieve shortness of breath. Depending on the patient’s condition, pulmonologists may also perform airway-clearance procedures, chest-tube management, pleural treatments, and other image-guided interventions.

Pulmonary Function Testing

Pulmonary function tests measure how much air the lungs can hold, how quickly air can be moved, and how effectively oxygen passes into the bloodstream. These tests are commonly used to evaluate asthma, COPD, restrictive lung disease, unexplained shortness of breath, and preoperative pulmonary risk.

Spirometry

Spirometry is a common breathing test that measures airflow and lung capacity. It can help identify obstructive lung diseases such as asthma and COPD. Testing may be repeated after a bronchodilator medication to determine whether airflow improves.

Six-Minute Walk Testing

A six-minute walk test evaluates exercise capacity, oxygen levels, heart rate, and breathing symptoms during walking. It may be used to assess the need for supplemental oxygen or to monitor conditions such as pulmonary hypertension, COPD, and interstitial lung disease.

Methacholine Challenge Testing

A methacholine challenge may be recommended when asthma is suspected but routine spirometry is normal. During the test, the patient inhales increasing concentrations of methacholine while lung function is monitored. A significant change in airflow may indicate airway hyperresponsiveness consistent with asthma.

Overnight Oxygen Testing

Overnight oximetry measures oxygen levels and heart rate while a patient sleeps. It may help identify nighttime oxygen deficiency and determine whether additional sleep testing or supplemental oxygen evaluation is needed.

Sleep Studies

Sleep studies evaluate breathing, oxygen levels, heart rhythm, sleep stages, and body movements during sleep. Depending on the patient’s symptoms and medical history, testing may be performed at home or in an accredited sleep center.

Endobronchial Ultrasound (EBUS)

Navigational Bronchoscopy

Testing and Procedures

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